3.1471 \(\int \frac{x^9}{1-x^8} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=24 \[ -\frac{x^2}{2}+\frac{1}{4} \tan ^{-1}\left (x^2\right )+\frac{1}{4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (x^2\right ) \]

[Out]

-x^2/2 + ArcTan[x^2]/4 + ArcTanh[x^2]/4

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Rubi [A]  time = 0.0111475, antiderivative size = 24, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 5, number of rules used = 5, integrand size = 13, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.385, Rules used = {275, 321, 212, 206, 203} \[ -\frac{x^2}{2}+\frac{1}{4} \tan ^{-1}\left (x^2\right )+\frac{1}{4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (x^2\right ) \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[x^9/(1 - x^8),x]

[Out]

-x^2/2 + ArcTan[x^2]/4 + ArcTanh[x^2]/4

Rule 275

Int[(x_)^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> With[{k = GCD[m + 1, n]}, Dist[1/k, Subst[Int[x^((m
+ 1)/k - 1)*(a + b*x^(n/k))^p, x], x, x^k], x] /; k != 1] /; FreeQ[{a, b, p}, x] && IGtQ[n, 0] && IntegerQ[m]

Rule 321

Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(c^(n - 1)*(c*x)^(m - n + 1)*(a + b*x^n
)^(p + 1))/(b*(m + n*p + 1)), x] - Dist[(a*c^n*(m - n + 1))/(b*(m + n*p + 1)), Int[(c*x)^(m - n)*(a + b*x^n)^p
, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, p}, x] && IGtQ[n, 0] && GtQ[m, n - 1] && NeQ[m + n*p + 1, 0] && IntBinomialQ[a, b,
c, n, m, p, x]

Rule 212

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^4)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numerator[Rt[-(a/b), 2]], s = Denominator[Rt[-(a/b), 2]
]}, Dist[r/(2*a), Int[1/(r - s*x^2), x], x] + Dist[r/(2*a), Int[1/(r + s*x^2), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] &&
!GtQ[a/b, 0]

Rule 206

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1*ArcTanh[(Rt[-b, 2]*x)/Rt[a, 2]])/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2]), x]
/; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && NegQ[a/b] && (GtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])

Rule 203

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1*ArcTan[(Rt[b, 2]*x)/Rt[a, 2]])/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[b, 2]), x] /;
FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (GtQ[a, 0] || GtQ[b, 0])

Rubi steps

\begin{align*} \int \frac{x^9}{1-x^8} \, dx &=\frac{1}{2} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{x^4}{1-x^4} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\\ &=-\frac{x^2}{2}+\frac{1}{2} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{1-x^4} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\\ &=-\frac{x^2}{2}+\frac{1}{4} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{1-x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )+\frac{1}{4} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\\ &=-\frac{x^2}{2}+\frac{1}{4} \tan ^{-1}\left (x^2\right )+\frac{1}{4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (x^2\right )\\ \end{align*}

Mathematica [A]  time = 0.0058992, size = 38, normalized size = 1.58 \[ -\frac{x^2}{2}-\frac{1}{8} \log \left (1-x^2\right )+\frac{1}{8} \log \left (x^2+1\right )-\frac{1}{4} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{1}{x^2}\right ) \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Integrate[x^9/(1 - x^8),x]

[Out]

-x^2/2 - ArcTan[x^(-2)]/4 - Log[1 - x^2]/8 + Log[1 + x^2]/8

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Maple [A]  time = 0.007, size = 33, normalized size = 1.4 \begin{align*} -{\frac{{x}^{2}}{2}}-{\frac{\ln \left ( -1+x \right ) }{8}}-{\frac{\ln \left ( 1+x \right ) }{8}}+{\frac{\ln \left ({x}^{2}+1 \right ) }{8}}+{\frac{\arctan \left ({x}^{2} \right ) }{4}} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(x^9/(-x^8+1),x)

[Out]

-1/2*x^2-1/8*ln(-1+x)-1/8*ln(1+x)+1/8*ln(x^2+1)+1/4*arctan(x^2)

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Maxima [A]  time = 1.43611, size = 38, normalized size = 1.58 \begin{align*} -\frac{1}{2} \, x^{2} + \frac{1}{4} \, \arctan \left (x^{2}\right ) + \frac{1}{8} \, \log \left (x^{2} + 1\right ) - \frac{1}{8} \, \log \left (x^{2} - 1\right ) \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(x^9/(-x^8+1),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

-1/2*x^2 + 1/4*arctan(x^2) + 1/8*log(x^2 + 1) - 1/8*log(x^2 - 1)

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Fricas [A]  time = 1.27257, size = 89, normalized size = 3.71 \begin{align*} -\frac{1}{2} \, x^{2} + \frac{1}{4} \, \arctan \left (x^{2}\right ) + \frac{1}{8} \, \log \left (x^{2} + 1\right ) - \frac{1}{8} \, \log \left (x^{2} - 1\right ) \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(x^9/(-x^8+1),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

-1/2*x^2 + 1/4*arctan(x^2) + 1/8*log(x^2 + 1) - 1/8*log(x^2 - 1)

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Sympy [A]  time = 0.130982, size = 27, normalized size = 1.12 \begin{align*} - \frac{x^{2}}{2} - \frac{\log{\left (x^{2} - 1 \right )}}{8} + \frac{\log{\left (x^{2} + 1 \right )}}{8} + \frac{\operatorname{atan}{\left (x^{2} \right )}}{4} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(x**9/(-x**8+1),x)

[Out]

-x**2/2 - log(x**2 - 1)/8 + log(x**2 + 1)/8 + atan(x**2)/4

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Giac [A]  time = 1.1682, size = 39, normalized size = 1.62 \begin{align*} -\frac{1}{2} \, x^{2} + \frac{1}{4} \, \arctan \left (x^{2}\right ) + \frac{1}{8} \, \log \left (x^{2} + 1\right ) - \frac{1}{8} \, \log \left ({\left | x^{2} - 1 \right |}\right ) \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(x^9/(-x^8+1),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

-1/2*x^2 + 1/4*arctan(x^2) + 1/8*log(x^2 + 1) - 1/8*log(abs(x^2 - 1))